Research Hub

Research Hub

Peptide & Research Compound Literature Overview

Important notice
All compounds referenced below are supplied strictly for laboratory research use only.
They are not medicines, not foods, not cosmetics, and not for human or veterinary consumption.
Information provided is for scientific reference and literature review purposes only and does not constitute medical advice or product claims.

Evidence Framework Used on This Page

To maintain transparency and compliance, research references are grouped as follows:

  • Registered Clinical Research – Human trials registered with regulators

  • Peer-Reviewed Human Studies – Limited, often small-scale or regional

  • Preclinical Research – Animal, cellular, or mechanistic studies

  • Analytical / Chemical Research – Identity, structure, detection, formulation

 

BPC-157

Research focus:
BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide used in preclinical research to explore cellular signalling, angiogenesis-related pathways, and injury-response mechanisms.

Current research landscape:

  • Majority of published data originates from animal and cellular models
  • Limited human observational and safety-oriented reports exist
  • No large-scale, modern, multinational randomised clinical trials

Research use context:
Primarily utilised as a laboratory reference peptide in mechanistic studies examining tissue response pathways.

Selected literature:

  • PubMed indexed reviews on musculoskeletal and soft-tissue models
  • Pilot-scale human safety observations (non-confirmatory)

Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-4) / TB-500

Important clarification:
"TB-500" is commonly marketed as a fragment of Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-4). Published clinical research refers to TB-4, not retail-named TB-500 products.

Research focus:

  • Cell migration and cytoskeletal organisation
  • Wound repair signalling pathways
  • Ocular surface research (topical pharmaceutical development)

Human research signals:

  • Registered and published topical TB-4 clinical studies (e.g. ophthalmology)
  • No approved systemic TB-4 medicines for public use

Research use context:
Used as a biological research compound to study actin-binding and cellular movement mechanisms.

BPC-157 + TB-4 (Combination Reference)

Research note:
No high-quality clinical trials evaluate combined use of these compounds. In research catalogues, they should be treated as independent reference materials, not as a combined intervention.

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Research focus:
SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeting peptide extensively studied under regulated pharmaceutical development.

Research landscape:

  • Registered human clinical trials
  • FDA regulatory documentation available
  • Investigated for mitochondrial bioenergetics and membrane stabilisation

Research use context:
Frequently used as a mitochondrial biology research tool in studies examining oxidative stress and cellular energy dynamics.

MOTS-c

Research focus:
MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide studied in metabolic and cellular energy regulation research.

Current evidence:

  • Predominantly preclinical research
  • Human clinical trials primarily involve MOTS-c analogues, not native MOTS-c

Research use context:
Applied in laboratory studies investigating mitochondrial-nuclear communication and metabolic signalling pathways.

Epithalon (Epitalon)

Research focus:
Used in research exploring cellular ageing, telomerase activity, and telomere-associated mechanisms.

Evidence base:

  • Primarily cellular and animal research
  • Limited modern clinical trial data

Research use context:
Functions as a mechanistic research peptide, not a clinically validated intervention.

Selank

Research focus:
Selank is a synthetic neuropeptide studied in neurochemical signalling and behavioural research models.

Human research:

  • Published regional clinical studies exist
  • Research predates current UK/EU pharmaceutical approval standards

Research use context:
Used as a neurobiology reference compound in laboratory and comparative research settings.

Semax

Research focus:
Semax is studied in relation to neurotrophic signalling pathways and neuronal response mechanisms.

Evidence base:

  • Historic human clinical publications
  • Predominantly regional and non-contemporary trial designs

Research use context:
Used in experimental neurobiology research rather than licensed clinical practice.

NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

Important classification note:
NAD⁺ is not a peptide, but a ubiquitous cellular coenzyme.

Research focus:

  • Cellular redox reactions
  • Mitochondrial metabolism
  • Enzymatic assay applications

Human research context:

  • Clinical studies often focus on precursors rather than NAD⁺ itself
  • Mixed outcomes reported

Research use context:
Supplied as a biochemical research reagent for laboratory assays and metabolic studies.

GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide)

Research focus:

  • Skin biology
  • Extracellular matrix signalling
  • Cosmetic formulation research

Evidence base:

  • Peer-reviewed cosmetic and dermatological studies
  • Typically topical, formulation-specific research

Research use context:
Widely referenced in cosmetic science research, not systemic clinical use.

5-Amino-1MQ

Important classification note:
5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule NNMT inhibitor, not a peptide.

Research focus:

  • Metabolic pathway research
  • Inflammatory and age-associated cellular models

Evidence base:

  • Preclinical animal and cellular studies
  • No established human clinical trials identified

Research use context:
Used strictly as a laboratory research molecule.